This article addresses a study of the long-term effects of Direct Instruction on students when they are in the fifth and sixth grade. Students who graduated from a 3-year Direct Instruction Follow Through program were tested using the Reading subtest of the Wide Range Achievement Test and all subtests of the Intermediate Form of the Metropolitan Achievement Test. Test results were compared to local comparison groups. Five sites from across the country were included in the study. Results indicated low-income direct instruction students demonstrated greater achievement than comparison students. These students continued to outperform the local comparison groups in the fifth and sixth grades. The strongest evidence was present in the results of the WRAT reading section, MAT spelling section, and MAT math section. However students’ achievement relatively decreased 3 years after leaving Follow Through in comparison to national norms. (Copyright © 2013, National Institute for Direct Instruction (NIFDI). All rights reserved).